How to check and replace the thermocouple in your water heater?

Author Leo Tremblay

Jul 22, 2024

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2 minutes read

In water heaters, the thermocouple is a safety device that controls the pilot flame. It consists of two different metal wires connected at one end. When the pilot flame heats the thermocouple, it generates a small electric current. If the pilot light goes out, the thermocouple cools, interrupting the electric current. This change signals the gas valve to shut off, preventing unburned gas from escaping and thus increasing safety.

These warning signs indicate the need for troubleshooting or replacement of the thermocouple:

If the pilot light goes off or stays off frequently
The water heater produces insufficient hot water or delivers hot water intermittently
The water heater consistently fails to produce hot water
The gas valve closes unexpectedly, cutting off the gas supply even when the pilot light is on

How to check a thermocouple on a water heater?

Before replacing your water heater’s thermocouple, check to see if it is defective. Use a millivolt multimeter to check the voltage difference across the thermocouple wires when the pilot is on and off. Refer to your device’s manual for the correct millivolt difference value and the output values that indicate a signal is present or absent.

If testing confirms that a replacement is necessary, follow these general steps:

Shut off the gas supply and allow the appliance to cool completely
Remove the outer burner cover to access the pilot assembly and thermocouple
Disconnect the thermocouple from the gas valve control board
Unscrew the faulty thermocouple and pull it out of the pilot housing
Install the new unit completely into the pilot seat. Securely fasten it
Reconnect the wires to the gas valve, replace the lid and turn on the gas

Carefully compare the new unit’s style, dimensions, and connections with the original to be replaced to ensure proper replacement.

Schedule seasonal checkups and monitor the part’s functionality between them for peace of mind. For additional assistance, contact licensed technicians who specialize in water heater thermocouple troubleshooting and repair.

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